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A Diagnostic Procedure for Transformative Change Based on Transitions, Resilience, and Institutional Thinking Ecology and Society
Ferguson, Briony C.; Monash Water for Liveability; Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities; Monash University; briony.ferguson@monash.edu; Brown, Rebekah R.; Monash Water for Liveability; Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities; Monash University; Rebekah.Brown@monash.edu; Deletic, Ana; Department of Civil Engineering; Monash Water for Liveability; Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities; Monash University; ana.deletic@monash.edu.
Urban water governance regimes around the world have traditionally planned large-scale, centralized infrastructure systems that aim to control variables and reduce uncertainties. There is growing sectoral awareness that a transition toward sustainable alternatives is necessary if systems are to meet society’s future water needs in the context of drivers such as climate change and variability, demographic changes, environmental degradation, and resource scarcity. However, there is minimal understanding of how the urban water sector should operationalize its strategic planning for such change to facilitate the transition to a sustainable water future. We have integrated concepts from transitions, resilience, and institutional theory to develop a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Institutions; Resilience; Strategic planning; Sustainability; Transformative change; Transition; Urban water.
Ano: 2013
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A Diagrammatic Approach to Understanding Complex Eco-Social Interactions in Kathmandu, Nepal Ecology and Society
Neudoerffer, R. Cynthia; University of Guelph; rneudoer@uoguelph.ca; Waltner-Toews, David; University of Guelph; dwaltner@uoguelph.ca; Kay, James J.; Deceased 05/30/ 2004. Faculty of Environmental Studies, University of Waterloo;; Joshi, D. D.; NZFHRC;; Tamang, Mukta S.; SAGUN;.
As part of developing an international network of community-based ecosystem approaches to health, a project was undertaken in a densely populated and socio-economically diverse area of Kathmandu, Nepal. Drawing on hundreds of pages of narrative reports based on surveys, interviews, secondary data, and focus groups by trained Nepalese facilitators, the authors created systemic depictions of relationships between multiple stakeholder groups, ecosystem health, and human health. These were then combined to examine interactions among stakeholders, activities, concerns, perceived needs, and resource states (ecosystem health indicators). These qualitative models have provided useful heuristics for both community members and research scholars to understand the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Complex systems theory; Ecosystem approaches; Human health; Kathmandu; Nepal; Social-ecological systems..
Ano: 2005
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A Different Future Ecology and Society
Gunderson, Lance; Emory University; lgunder@emory.edu; Folke, Carl; Stockholm University; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se.
Tipo: Non-Refereed
Ano: 2008
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A First Nations-led social innovation: a moose, a gold mining company, and a policy window Ecology and Society
McCarthy, Daniel D. P.; University of Waterloo; dmccarth@uwaterloo.ca; Millen, Martin; Anishanaabe Maamwaye Aki Kiigayewin ; firestarter4812@yahoo.ca; Boyden, Mary; Porcupine Gold Mines; mary.boyden@goldcorp.com; Alexiuk, Erin ; University of Waterloo; ealexiuk@gmail.com; Larkman, Dorothy; University of Waterloo; manaupin@hotmail.com; Rowe, Giidaakunadaad (Nancy); University of Waterloo; giidaakunadaad@gmail.com; Westley, Frances R.; University of Waterloo; fwestley@uwaterloo.ca.
A recent focusing event involving the death of a moose in the Dome open-pit mine in the community of Timmins, in northern Ontario, Canada has triggered the opening of a policy window related to the governance of resource extraction by indigenous peoples. This event, combined with several other factors, including: (1) the high price of gold; (2) a mining company seeking to demonstrate corporate social responsibility to repair its international reputation with indigenous peoples by supporting an innovative, local Indigenous-led initiative; and (3) a new policy context, including Supreme Court of Canada decisions and provisions in the updated Ontario Mining Act, that require meaningful consultation with indigenous peoples has led to the emergence of a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Critical indigenous research; Indigenous-led innovation; Policy window; Social innovation; Traditional knowledge.
Ano: 2014
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A Forest Management Map of European Forests Ecology and Society
Hengeveld, Geerten M.; ALTERRA - Wageningen UR; Geerten.Hengeveld@wur.nl; Nabuurs, Gert-Jan; European Forest Institute; gert-jan.nabuurs@efi.int; Didion, Markus; ALTERRA - Wageningen UR; Markus.didion@wur.nl; van den Wyngaert, Isabel; ALTERRA - Wageningen UR; isabel.vandenwyngaert@wur.nl; Clerkx, A.P.P.M. (Sandra); ALTERRA - Wageningen UR; Sandra.Clerkx@wur.nl; Schelhaas, Mart-Jan; ALTERRA - Wageningen UR; martjan.schelhaas@wur.nl.
Forest management to a large extent determines the possible services that the forest can provide. Different objectives in forest management determine the rotation length and valuation of different stages in forest succession. We present a method of mapping potential forest management at 1-km resolution to inform policy, land use modeling, and forest resource projections. The presented method calculates the suitability of a location to different forest management alternatives based on biotic, abiotic, socioeconomic, and political factors. A sensitivity analysis of the resulting map to the data sources used was performed. This showed that the results are very sensitive to some data sources. The potential use of the map and the sensitivity to the availability...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Europe; Forest management approach; Land use mapping.
Ano: 2012
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A Fractal Landscape Realizer for Generating Synthetic Maps Ecology and Society
Hargrove, William; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; hnw@fire.esd.ornl.gov; Hoffman, Forrest M; Oak Ridge National Laboratory;; Schwartz, Paul M; ;.
A fractal landscape realizer has been developed that generates synthetic landscape maps to user specifications. The alternative landscape realizations are not identical to the actual maps after which they are patterned, but are similar statistically (i.e., the areas and fractal character of each category are replicated). A fractal or self-affine pattern generator is used to provide a spatial probability surface for each category in the synthetic map. The Fractal Realizer arbitrates contentions among categories in a way that makes it possible to preserve the fractal patterns of all the categories in the resulting synthetic landscape. Each synthetic landscape is one equally likely realization from among an infinite ensemble of possible fractal landscape...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: FRAGSTATS; Fractal Realizer; Turing Test; Categorical maps; Fractal; Landscape ecology; Neutral model; Null model; Pattern; Pseudoreplication; Realization; Simulation; Synthetic map.
Ano: 2002
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A framework for analyzing, comparing, and diagnosing social-ecological systems Ecology and Society
Bots, Pieter W. G.; Delft University of Technology; p.w.g.bots@tudelft.nl; Sendzimir, Jan; International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA); sendzim@iiasa.ac.at.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Framework development; Governance system; Resource system; Sustainability.
Ano: 2015
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A Framework for Clarifying “Participation” in Participatory Research to Prevent its Rejection for the Wrong Reasons Ecology and Society
Barreteau, Olivier; Cemagref UMR G-EAU; olivier.barreteau@cemagref.fr; Bots, Pieter W. G.; Delft University of Technology; p.w.g.bots@tudelft.nl; Daniell, Katherine A; Australian National University; katherine.daniell@gmail.com.
Participatory research relies on stakeholder inputs to obtain its acclaimed benefits of improved social relevance, validity, and actionability of research outcomes. We focus here on participatory research in the context of natural resource management. Participants’ acceptance of participatory research processes is key to their implementation. Our first assumption is that this positive view and acceptance of participation in research processes is a public good for the whole participatory research community. We also assume that the diversity of participatory forms of research is rarely considered by potential participants when they make their decisions about whether or not to participate in a proposed process. We specifically address how to avoid...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis Palavras-chave: Framing; Information flow; Participatory research; Water management.
Ano: 2010
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A Framework for Evaluating Land Use Planning Alternatives: Protecting Biodiversity on Private Land Ecology and Society
Theobald, David; Colorado State University/The Nature Conservancy; davet@nrel.colostate.edu; Hobbs, N. Thompson; Colorado State University/Colorado Division of Wildlife; nthobbs@nrel.colostate.edu.
Planning activities by local government often seek to identify areas of land that offer particularly high value for conserving biotic resources. Because private land is being developed rapidly, there is heightened concern about identifying these areas. Although general principles on setting priorities for habitat protection are emerging, substantial ambiguity remains about how to implement these principles. Here, we offer a general modeling framework for evaluating how planning alternatives could affect Critical Habitat. The framework contains four components: stakeholder involvement, spatial modeling of Critical Habitat and development patterns, analysis of alternative scenarios, and evaluation and monitoring. We illustrate this approach using a case...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Alternative scenarios; Biodiversity; Build-out analysis; Critical habitat maps; Evaluation; Habitat protection; Local decision making; Monitoring; Private land use planning; Rural sprawl; Spatial modeling; Stakeholder involvement.
Ano: 2002
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A Framework for Participatory Impact Assessment: Involving Stakeholders in European Policy Making, a Case Study of Land Use Change in Malta Ecology and Society
Morris, Jake Breton; Forest Research; jake.morris@forestry.gsi.gov.uk; Tassone, Valentina; Wageningen University; Valentina.Tassone@wur.nl; de Groot, Rudolf; Wageningen University; Dolf.deGroot@wur.nl; Camilleri, Marguerite; Malta Environment & Planning Authority; Marguerite.Camilleri@mepa.org.mt; Moncada, Stefano; University of Malta; stefano.moncada@um.edu.mt.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: European policy making; Land use change; Malta; Participatory impact assessment; Stakeholder participation.
Ano: 2011
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A Framework for Resilience-based Governance of Social-Ecological Systems Ecology and Society
Garmestani, Ahjond S; Environmental Protection Agency, USA; garmestani.ahjond@epa.gov; Benson, Melinda Harm; University of New Mexico, USA; mhbenson@unm.edu.
Panarchy provides a heuristic to characterize the cross-scale dynamics of social-ecological systems and a framework for how governance institutions should behave to be compatible with the ecosystems they manage. Managing for resilience will likely require reform of law to account for the dynamics of social-ecological systems and achieve a substantive mandate that accommodates the need for adaptation. In this paper, we suggest expansive legal reform by identifying the principles of reflexive law as a possible mechanism for achieving a shift to resilience-based governance and leveraging cross-scale dynamics to provide resilience-based responses to increasingly challenging environmental conditions.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Adaptive management; Environmental governance; Intermediaries; Panarchy; Reflexive law; Resilience; Resilience-based governance.
Ano: 2013
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A Framework for Spatial Risk Assessments: Potential Impacts of Nonindigenous Invasive Species on Native Species Ecology and Society
Allen, Craig R; USGS Nebraska Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit, University of Nebraska; allencr@unl.edu; Johnson, Alan R; Clemson University; alanj@clemson.edu; Parris, Leslie; Clemson University; leslie.parris@us.army.mil.
Many populations of wild animals and plants are declining and face increasing threats from habitat fragmentation and loss as well as exposure to stressors ranging from toxicants to diseases to invasive nonindigenous species. We describe and demonstrate a spatially explicit ecological risk assessment that allows for the incorporation of a broad array of information that may influence the distribution of an invasive species, toxicants, or other stressors, and the incorporation of landscape variables that may influence the spread of a species or substances. The first step in our analyses is to develop species models and quantify spatial overlap between stressor and target organisms. Risk is assessed as the product of spatial overlap and a hazard index based...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article Palavras-chave: Declining species; Invasive species; Nonindigenous species; Risk assessment; Spatial risk..
Ano: 2006
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A Framework to Analyze the Robustness of Social-ecological Systems from an Institutional Perspective Ecology and Society
Anderies, John M; Arizona State University; m.anderies@asu.edu; Janssen, Marco A; Indiana University; maajanss@indiana.edu; Ostrom, Elinor; Indiana University; ostrom@indiana.edu.
What makes social-ecological systems (SESs) robust? In this paper, we look at the institutional configurations that affect the interactions among resources, resource users, public infrastructure providers, and public infrastructures. We propose a framework that helps identify potential vulnerabilities of SESs to disturbances. All the links between components of this framework can fail and thereby reduce the robustness of the system. We posit that the link between resource users and public infrastructure providers is a key variable affecting the robustness of SESs that has frequently been ignored in the past. We illustrate the problems caused by a disruption in this link. We then briefly describe the design principles originally developed for robust...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Institutions; Resilience; Robustness; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2004
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A Framing Approach to Cross-disciplinary Research Collaboration: Experiences from a Large-scale Research Project on Adaptive Water Management Ecology and Society
Dewulf, Art; Center for Organizational and Personnel Psychology (K.U.Leuven); art.dewulf@psy.kuleuven.be; Taillieu, Tharsi; Center for Organizational and Personnel Psychology (K.U.Leuven); tharsi.taillieu@psy.kuleuven.be.
Although cross-disciplinary research collaboration is necessary to achieve a better understanding of how human and natural systems are dynamically linked, it often turns out to be very difficult in practice. We outline a framing approach to cross-disciplinary research that focuses on the different perspectives that researchers from different backgrounds use to make sense of the issues they want to research jointly. Based on interviews, participants’ evaluations, and our own observations during meetings, we analyze three aspects of frame diversity in a large-scale research project. First, we identify dimensions of difference in the way project members frame the central concept of adaptive water management. Second, we analyze the challenges...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Cross-disciplinary research; Framing.
Ano: 2007
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A Generic, Computer-assisted Method for Rapid Vegetation Classification and Survey: Tropical and Temperate Case Studies Ecology and Society
Gillison, Andrew N; Center for Biodiversity Management; andy.gillison@austarnet.com.au.
Standard methods of vegetation classification and survey tend to be either too broad for management purposes or too reliant on local species to support inter-regional comparisons. A new approach to this problem uses species-independent plant functional types with a wide spectrum of environmental sensitivity. By means of a rule set, plant functional types can be constructed according to specific combinations from within a generic set of 35 adaptive, morphological plant functional attributes. Each combination assumes that a vascular plant individual can be described as a "coherent" functional unit. When used together with vegetation structure, plant functional types facilitate rapid vegetation assessment that complements species-based data and makes possible...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: VegClass software; Gradsects; Plant functional attributes; Plant functional types; Rapid biodiversity assessment; Vegetation classification; Vegetation survey.
Ano: 2002
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A Geographic Model to Assess and Limit Cumulative Ecological Degradation from Marcellus Shale Exploitation in New York, USA Ecology and Society
Davis, John B; State University of New York (SUNY) at Albany; Sage College of Albany ; davisj5@sage.edu; Robinson, George R; State University of New York (SUNY) at Albany; grobins@albany.edu.
When natural resources are exploited, environmental costs and economic benefits are often asymmetric. An example is apparent in the environmental impacts from fossil fuel extraction by hydraulic fracturing. So far, most scrutiny has been focused on water quality in affected aquifers, with less attention paid to broader ecological impacts beyond individual drilling operations. Marcellus Shale methane exploitation in New York State, USA, has been delayed because of a regulatory moratorium, pending evaluation that has been directed primarily at localized impacts. We developed a GIS-based model, built on a hexagonal grid underlay nested within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s EMAP system, to examine potential cumulative ecological impacts....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Core forest; Hexagon land-cover grid; Hydraulic fracturing; Marcellus Shale formation; Natural resource sharing; New York State; Sensitive species and ecosystems.
Ano: 2012
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A Governing Framework for Climate Change Adaptation in the Built Environment Ecology and Society
Mazmanian, Daniel A.; University of Southern California; mazmania@price.usc.edu; Jurewitz, John; Pomona College; john.jurewitz@gmail.com; Nelson, Hal T.; Claremont Graduate University; hal.nelson@cgu.edu.
Developing an approach to governing adaptation to climate change is severely hampered by the dictatorship of the present when the needs of future generations are inadequately represented in current policy making. We posit this problem as a function of the attributes of adaptation policy making, including deep uncertainty and nonstationarity, where past observations are not reliable predictors of future outcomes. Our research links organizational decision-making attributes with adaptation decision making and identifies cases in which adaptation actions cause spillovers, free riding, and distributional impacts. We develop a governing framework for adaptation that we believe will enable policy, planning, and major long-term development decisions to be made...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; California; Climate change adaptation; Governance; Planning.
Ano: 2013
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A guideline to improve qualitative social science publishing in ecology and conservation journals Ecology and Society
Moon, Katie; Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra; School of Business, University of New South Wales; katieamoon@gmail.com; Brewer, Tom D.; Northern Institute, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science, Arafura Timor Research Facility, Brinkin, Northern Territory, Australia; tomdbrewer@gmail.com; Adams, Vanessa M.; University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; v.adams@uq.edu.au; Blackman, Deborah A.; School of Business, University of New South Wales; d.blackman@adfa.edu.au.
A rise in qualitative social science manuscripts published in ecology and conservation journals speaks to the growing awareness of the importance of the human dimension in maintaining and improving Earth’s ecosystems. Given the rise in the quantity of qualitative social science research published in ecology and conservation journals, it is worthwhile quantifying the extent to which this research is meeting established criteria for research design, conduct, and interpretation. Through a comprehensive review of this literature, we aimed to gather and assess data on the nature and extent of information presented on research design published qualitative research articles, which could be used to judge research quality. Our review was based on 146...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight Palavras-chave: Case study; Confirmability; Credibility; Dependability; Methods; Transferability.
Ano: 2016
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A Handful of Heuristics and Some Propositions for Understanding Resilience in Social-Ecological Systems Ecology and Society
Walker, Brian; CSIRO; Brian.Walker@csiro.au; Gunderson, Lance; Emory Universitry; lgunder@emory.edu; Kinzig, Ann; Arizona State University; Ann.Kinzig@asu.edu; Folke, Carl; Stockholm University; calle@system.ecology.su.se; Carpenter, Steve; University of Wisconsin; srcarpen@wisc.edu; Schultz, Lisen; Stockholm University; lisen@ecology.su.se.
This paper is a work-in-progress account of ideas and propositions about resilience in social-ecological systems. It articulates our understanding of how these complex systems change and what determines their ability to absorb disturbances in either their ecological or their social domains. We call them “propositions” because, although they are useful in helping us understand and compare different social-ecological systems, they are not sufficiently well defined to be considered formal hypotheses. These propositions were developed in two workshops, in 2003 and 2004, in which participants compared the dynamics of 15 case studies in a wide range of regions around the world. The propositions raise many questions, and we present a list of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article Palavras-chave: Resilience; Social-ecological systems; Change; Propositions; Synthesis; Theory; Adaptatability; Transformability.
Ano: 2006
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A holistic approach to studying social-ecological systems and its application to southern Transylvania Ecology and Society
Hartel, Tibor; Department of Environmental Sciences, Sapientia University; hartel.tibor@gmail.com.
Global change presents risks and opportunities for social-ecological systems worldwide. Key challenges for sustainability science are to identify plausible future changes in social-ecological systems and find ways to reach socially and environmentally desirable conditions. In this context, regional-scale studies are important, but to date, many such studies have focused on a narrow set of issues or applied a narrow set of tools. Here, we present a holistic approach to work through the complexity posed by cross-scale interactions, spatial heterogeneity, and multiple uncertainties facing regional social-ecological systems. Our approach is spatially explicit and involves assessments of social conditions and natural capital bundles, social-ecological system...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Ecosystem service bundles; Landscape sustainability science; Programme on Ecosystem Change and Society; Regional scale; Romania; Scenario planning.
Ano: 2014
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